There are many different types of carving. Here is an explanation of a few common methods:
V-carving is where you carve the design and text into the wood and can be done for designs/text that are more or lines. This is the most popular method because it is the most
cost efficient. See below for an angled view of a mock-up. V-carving is also easier to maintain because years from now you can give your sign a light sanding with a palm sander and re-coat it
with a couple more coats of poly without effecting the design/text paint.
Relief carving is where wood is removed from around the design and letters so that they stick out or stand proud of the surrounding surface. Relief carving requires more
work/time to remove all the wood around the text/design and therefore a higher cost (add 10%)
Pocket Carving is similar to Relief carving.